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Direct and indirect stimulus-frequency effects in recognition

W T Maddox1, W K Estes

  • 1Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. Maddox@asu.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
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Stimulus familiarity, determined by prior experience frequency, directly impacts recognition memory. Both correct identifications and false alarms increase with frequency, supporting a global memory model and informing eyewitness testimony research.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Stimulus familiarity is often linked to prior experience.
  • Distinguishing direct vs. indirect frequency effects on memory is crucial.
  • Previous research often relies on normative word frequency, not experiential frequency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct impact of experiential stimulus frequency on recognition memory.
  • To differentiate between direct and indirect frequency effects in memory.
  • To test predictions of a global memory model regarding stimulus frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled learning conditions to isolate stimulus rehearsability.
  • Manipulated experiential frequency of stimuli.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Administered recognition tests measuring hits and false alarms.

    • Main Results:

    • Recognition accuracy (hits) increased with higher stimulus frequency.
    • False alarm rates also increased with higher stimulus frequency.
    • Observed a concordant pattern indicating a direct frequency effect.

    Conclusions:

    • Experiential stimulus frequency has a direct effect on recognition memory.
    • Findings align with predictions of global memory models.
    • Results have implications for understanding eyewitness testimony and other recognition paradigms.