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Current trends in ventilation of the pediatric patient

E M Elixson1, M L Myrer, M H Horn

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, USA.

Critical Care Nursing Quarterly
|May 1, 1997
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric ventilation strategies have evolved, incorporating advanced techniques like high-frequency ventilation and noninvasive BiPAP. Adjuncts such as ECMO and nitric oxide improve oxygenation, requiring a multidisciplinary team approach.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Respiratory physiology

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients has undergone significant advancements.
  • Traditional ventilation methods have been supplemented by novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of modern ventilation modes for pediatric patients.
  • To discuss emerging adjuncts that enhance oxygenation and support ventilation.
  • To highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary team in pediatric respiratory care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric ventilatory management.
  • Description of various advanced ventilation techniques.
  • Discussion of supportive adjuncts for oxygenation and ventilation.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of high-frequency ventilation (HFV), pressure control-inverse ratio (PC-IRV), pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC), and volume support (VS).
  • Emergence of noninvasive bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation.
  • Development of adjuncts like surfactant, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), nitric oxide (NO), and liquid ventilation.

Conclusions:

  • Modern pediatric ventilatory management requires a diverse set of tools and techniques.
  • Adjuncts play a crucial role in improving oxygenation and patient outcomes.
  • A coordinated, multidisciplinary team approach is essential for optimal care.

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