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Related Experiment Videos

Acute postchallenge hyperinsulinemia predicts weight gain: a prospective study

R J Sigal1, M El-Hashimy, B C Martin

  • 1Section on Epidemiology and Genetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215-5397, USA.

Diabetes
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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High acute insulin secretion, a key indicator of pancreatic beta-cell function, is a significant risk factor for long-term weight gain, especially in insulin-sensitive individuals. This finding offers new insights into obesity development.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to insulin resistance and elevated insulin levels.
  • The causal relationship between insulin secretion, insulin action, and body weight remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether elevated insulin secretion compensates for insulin resistance or promotes weight gain and insulin resistance.
  • To examine the long-term effects of insulin secretion and sensitivity on weight gain.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 107 glucose-tolerant offspring of NIDDM parents over 16.7 years.
  • Assessed insulin sensitivity using Bergman's minimal model and acute insulin secretion via intravenous glucose tolerance tests.
  • Calculated weight gain rate as the regression slope of body weight over time.

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Main Results:

  • High acute insulin secretion, younger age, and lower baseline body weight predicted greater weight gain.
  • After adjusting for age and body weight, both insulin sensitivity (P=0.05) and acute insulin secretion (P=0.001) significantly impacted weight gain.
  • Individuals with high acute insulin secretion and high insulin sensitivity exhibited the highest rate of weight gain (672 g/year).

Conclusions:

  • A robust first-phase insulin response to glucose is a risk factor for substantial long-term weight gain.
  • This effect is most pronounced in individuals who are also insulin-sensitive.
  • Findings suggest a potential mechanism linking insulin secretion dynamics to obesity development.