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Trace elements and vitamins in immunomodulation in infancy and childhood
1Clinica Pediatrica IV, Università di Milano, Italy.
Summary
Nutrient deficiencies can impair immune function, even in well-nourished individuals. This review examines how trace elements and vitamins affect immunity and its link to infection and nutrition.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Nutrition Science
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- A complex interplay exists between infection, immune function, and nutritional status.
- Nutrient deficiencies can compromise immunity, irrespective of overall nutritional status.
- Understanding these relationships is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the impact of trace elements on immune function.
- To review the impact of vitamins on immune function.
- To highlight the cyclical relationship between nutrition, immunity, and infection.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific studies.
- Synthesis of existing research on nutrient-immune interactions.
- Analysis of the cyclical relationship between infection, immunity, and nutrition.
Main Results:
- Specific nutrient deficiencies can lead to immune system impairment.
- Trace elements and vitamins play critical roles in maintaining immune health.
- Changes in one factor (infection, immunity, nutrition) precipitate changes in the others.
Conclusions:
- Maintaining adequate nutritional status is essential for robust immune function.
- Vitamins and trace elements are vital for immune system regulation.
- Addressing nutrient deficiencies can mitigate infection susceptibility and improve immune response.