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Glutamatergic enteric neurons

M T Liu1, J D Rothstein, M D Gershon

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|June 15, 1997
PubMed
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Glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), is also active in the enteric nervous system (ENS). This study confirms glutamatergic neurons and glutamate-mediated neurotransmission within the ENS.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Neurotransmission

Background:

  • Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Its role in the enteric nervous system (ENS) remained largely uncharacterized.
  • This study investigated glutamate's function in the ENS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS.
  • To identify the presence and localization of glutamate and its receptors in enteric neurons.
  • To characterize the functional responses mediated by glutamate in the ENS.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to detect glutamate, AMPA/NMDA receptor subunits, and EAAC1 transporter in enteric neurons.
  • Electrophysiological recordings were performed on myenteric neurons to assess responses to glutamate.

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  • Pharmacological agents, including AMPA antagonists and a glutamate uptake inhibitor, were used to elucidate receptor involvement.

    • Main Results:

    • Glutamate immunoreactivity was observed in cholinergic enteric neurons, some co-storing substance P or calbindin.
    • AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits, along with the EAAC1 transporter, were detected in both submucosal and myenteric plexuses.
    • Glutamate application evoked fast (AMPA-mimicked) and slow (NMDA-mimicked) depolarizing responses in myenteric neurons.

    Conclusions:

    • These findings provide the first evidence for glutamatergic neurons in the ENS.
    • Glutamate mediates neurotransmission in the ENS through AMPA and NMDA receptors.
    • Glutamate plays a significant role in enteric nervous system function.