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A comparative view on trace elements and growth

M Kirchgessner, H P Roth, R Spoerl

    Nutrition and Metabolism
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Essential trace elements like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) are vital for preventing human diseases and ensuring animal growth. Sensitive diagnostic methods using enzyme and hormone activity can detect deficiencies early, even before clinical symptoms appear.

    Area of Science:

    • Trace element metabolism and nutrition
    • Animal physiology and diagnostics
    • Human health and trace element deficiencies

    Background:

    • Essential trace elements (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr) play critical roles in human and animal health.
    • Deficiencies in these elements can lead to significant health issues, including growth retardation in animals and major diseases in humans.
    • Early diagnosis of trace element status is crucial for timely intervention and prevention of adverse effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To interpret the concept of essentiality for trace elements.
    • To review human diseases linked to trace element deficiencies (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr).
    • To present model studies in growing animals for early diagnosis of suboptimum trace element intake (Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni).

    Main Methods:

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  • Utilizing growing animal models to identify sensitive diagnostic criteria for trace element deficiencies.
  • Measuring the activity of specific enzymes and hormones as indicators of trace element status.
  • Analyzing trace element concentrations in milk during the reproductive phase as a diagnostic tool.

    • Main Results:

    • Growth retardation is a common early symptom of trace element deficiency in growing animals.
    • Enzyme and hormone activity measurements demonstrate sensitivity to suboptimum trace element intake, allowing for early detection.
    • Milk trace element concentration can serve as an additional diagnostic indicator during reproduction.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensitive diagnostic criteria, including enzyme and hormone activity, can detect trace element deficiencies before clinical symptoms manifest.
    • Milk analysis offers a supplementary diagnostic method during the reproductive phase.
    • Addressing the challenges in diagnosing trace element supply status is essential, and methods for determining requirements are indicated.