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[Intestinal permeability]

M Montalto1, G Veneto, L Cuoco

  • 1Cattedra di Medicina Interna II, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma.

Recenti Progressi in Medicina
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
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Intestinal permeability tests measure how well the gut barrier functions. These non-invasive tests use probe molecules to assess mucosal integrity, aiding in diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The intestinal mucosa serves vital absorptive and barrier functions against harmful substances.
  • Intestinal permeability, the passage of substances through the mucosa, is crucial for gut health.
  • Altered intestinal permeability is observed in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept and assessment of intestinal permeability.
  • To discuss the methodologies and applications of intestinal permeability tests.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and clinical utility of these tests.

Main Methods:

  • Intestinal permeability is assessed non-invasively using orally administered probe molecules.
  • Probe molecules like mono/disaccharides, 51Cr-EDTA, and PEG are detected in urine after crossing the intestinal epithelium.

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  • Analysis considers molecular physicochemical properties and mucosal integrity.

    • Main Results:

    • Changes in intestinal permeability can indicate mucosal damage.
    • These tests offer high sensitivity for detecting mucosal integrity issues.
    • While not definitive for diagnosis, they support clinical decisions.

    Conclusions:

    • Intestinal permeability tests are valuable for evaluating mucosal integrity post-therapy.
    • They assist in selecting patients with specific symptoms, especially in pediatrics.
    • These tests complement more invasive diagnostic procedures.