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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
05:53

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty

Published on: July 24, 2013

Morbidity and disability in elderly Zimbabweans

T J Allain1, A O Wilson, Z A Gomo

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe School of Medicine, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.

Age and Ageing
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Zimbabwe

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Global Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The elderly population in Zimbabwe is growing, increasing demand for medical services.
  • There is limited understanding of the health needs of this demographic.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding health and social circumstances of older adults in Zimbabwe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of disability and subjective morbidity in elderly Zimbabweans.
  • To assess the social circumstances and health service utilization of this population.
  • To identify specific health challenges faced by older adults in Zimbabwe.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional community survey was conducted in rural and urban areas of Zimbabwe.
  • 278 participants aged over 60 years were recruited using random cluster sampling.

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Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
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Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

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Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
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Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
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Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit

Published on: September 30, 2020

  • Assessments included structured interviews, physical examinations (vision, mobility), and evaluation of daily living activities.

    • Main Results:

    • While few had difficulty with self-maintenance, 30% struggled with instrumental activities of daily living, often due to visual and mobility impairments.
    • Elderly individuals reported numerous symptoms but had poor access to healthcare and infrequent medication use.
    • Despite financial self-sufficiency and continued work for many, resources and health declined with age, with limited access to essential interventions like cataract surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • The study identifies critical areas where low-cost interventions can significantly reduce morbidity and disability among older Zimbabweans.
    • Addressing visual impairment, mobility issues, and improving healthcare access are key priorities.
    • Simple, affordable measures can enhance the quality of life for the aging population in Zimbabwe.