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Long-term effect of primary immunization on subsequent immune responsiveness

T Sacks1, D M Klinman

  • 1Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Cellular Immunology
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Primary immunization with specific antigen/adjuvant combinations establishes long-lasting immune cell profiles. Subsequent exposures maintain the initial immune response type, influencing cytokine secretion and antibody production.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Antigen/adjuvant combinations direct immune responses towards type 1 or type 2 cytokine profiles.
  • Type 2 responses involve IL-4, IgG1, and IgE; type 1 responses involve IFN-gamma and IgG2a.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if early-life immunization with distinct antigen/adjuvant combinations induces lasting alterations in immune responses.
  • To determine if primary immunization dictates the immune profile upon subsequent antigen exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were initially immunized with either TNP-OVA/CFA (type 2) or TNP-BA (type 1).
  • Animals were later boosted with the alternative antigen/adjuvant combination.
  • Cytokine profiles (IL-4, IFN-gamma) and antibody isotypes (IgG1, IgG2a, IgE) were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Mice boosted with a different antigen/adjuvant combination exhibited immune responses mirroring their primary immunization.
  • The ratio of IL-4 to IFN-gamma secreting cells was significantly influenced by the initial immunization.
  • Antibody isotype production also reflected the primary immunogen's influence.

Conclusions:

  • Strong primary immunizations induce long-lived changes in T lymphocyte populations.
  • These changes dictate the type 1 or type 2 cytokine secretion potential for subsequent immune encounters.
  • Early immune experiences shape long-term immune system bias.