CD4+ hepatic cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

We investigated T cell immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and showed that both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes incubated with interleukin-2 alone displayed HLA-nonrestricted but hepatic cancer-specific cytotoxicity in a majority of patients with HCC. Namely, they lysed both HCC and cholangiocellular carcinomas in an HLA-nonrestricted manner, but they did not lyse any tumors with the other histological types tested, normal hepatocytes, or the cells transfected with hepatitis C virus or MUC1 gene. These CTL lines and clones were phenotypically CD3+CD4+CD8-. These unique CTL could play important roles in T cell immunity against HCC.