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Immunophenotypic characterization of canine lymphoproliferative disorders
D A Ruslander1, D H Gebhard, M B Tompkins
1Department of Companion Animal and Special Species, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606, USA.
One hundred ninety six dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoproliferative disorders were immunophenotyped. Dogs with lymphoma (175) were determined to be derived from B-cells in 134/175 (76%), T-cells in 38/175 (22%) and 3/175 (2%) were null cells (non-reactive with any canine-specific lymphocyte antibody). Dogs with T-cell lymphomas were at significantly higher risk of relapse and early death compared with B-cell lineage lymphoma following therapy (52 vs. 160 days; p < 0.001 and 153 vs. 330 days; p < 0.001, respectively). Hypercalcemia was associated only with CD4+ lymphomas. A nonimmunoglobulin B-cell marker (B5), expressed in 95% of nonneoplastic lymphocytes, was expressed at a reduced level in 63% (64/104) of dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Dogs with lymphoma in which the B5 antigen was expressed below normal levels experienced shorter progression free survival (125 vs. 202 days; p < 0.05) and overall survival times (203 vs. 385 days; p < 0.05) than dogs with B-cell lymphoma in which the B5 antigen was expressed normally. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs was primarily associated with a CD8+ phenotype (8/12) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia was determined to be of either null cell (4/9) or T-cell (3/9) phenotype. Although canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are phenotypically similar, canine leukemia is phenotypically distinct from human leukemia. The development of canine-specific probes has facilitated a priori assessment of treatment outcome in dogs with lymphoma and may in the future contribute to the comparative understanding of leukemo- and lymphoma-genesis in these species.
One hundred ninety six dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoproliferative disorders were immunophenotyped. Dogs with lymphoma (175) were determined to be derived from B-cells in 134/175 (76%), T-cells in 38/175 (22%) and 3/175 (2%) were null cells (non-reactive with any canine-specific lymphocyte antibody). Dogs with T-cell lymphomas were at significantly higher risk of relapse and early death compared with B-cell lineage lymphoma following therapy (52 vs. 160 days; p < 0.001 and 153 vs. 330 days; p < 0.001, respectively). Hypercalcemia was associated only with CD4+ lymphomas. A nonimmunoglobulin B-cell marker (B5), expressed in 95% of nonneoplastic lymphocytes, was expressed at a reduced level in 63% (64/104) of dogs with B-cell lymphoma. Dogs with lymphoma in which the B5 antigen was expressed below normal levels experienced shorter progression free survival (125 vs. 202 days; p < 0.05) and overall survival times (203 vs. 385 days; p < 0.05) than dogs with B-cell lymphoma in which the B5 antigen was expressed normally. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in dogs was primarily associated with a CD8+ phenotype (8/12) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia was determined to be of either null cell (4/9) or T-cell (3/9) phenotype. Although canine and human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are phenotypically similar, canine leukemia is phenotypically distinct from human leukemia. The development of canine-specific probes has facilitated a priori assessment of treatment outcome in dogs with lymphoma and may in the future contribute to the comparative understanding of leukemo- and lymphoma-genesis in these species.
