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Mental disorders and suicide prevention

J K Lönnqvist1, M M Henriksson, E T Isometsä

  • 1National Public Health Institute, Department of Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Suicide victims in Finland frequently had mental disorders, primarily depression and alcohol issues. Inadequate treatment was common, highlighting the need for improved mental healthcare recognition and intervention for all ages.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Suicide remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • Understanding the mental health status of suicide victims is crucial for prevention efforts.
  • Previous research indicates a strong link between mental disorders and suicide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of mental disorders among suicide victims in Finland.
  • To examine the treatment received by suicide victims prior to their death.
  • To identify risk factors and inform suicide prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective psychological autopsy method applied to 1397 suicide cases in Finland (March 1987-April 1988).
  • Diagnostic evaluation based on DSM-III-R criteria, integrating all available information.

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  • Analysis of mental disorders, treatment received, and life events.

    • Main Results:

    • 93% of suicide victims had at least one psychiatric diagnosis.
    • Most prevalent disorders were depressive syndromes (66%) and alcohol dependence/abuse (43%).
    • Major depression was more prevalent in women and elderly victims; adjustment disorders were common in male adolescents.
    • Comorbid mental disorders were frequent across all age groups.
    • Inadequate treatment for mental disorders was common among those who had contact with healthcare professionals.
    • Only 3% of major depressive victims received adequate psychopharmacological treatment, and 7% received adequate psychotherapy.

    Conclusions:

    • A high prevalence of mental disorders, particularly depression and alcohol-related issues, exists among suicide victims.
    • There is a critical need to improve the recognition and treatment of comorbid depressive disorders in all age groups.
    • Findings underscore the necessity of enhancing mental healthcare access and quality for suicide prevention.