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Titanium for removable dentures. I. Laboratory procedures

T Mori1, T Togaya, M Jean-Louis

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Australia.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Titanium (Ti) removable partial dentures (RPDs) showed a 60% casting success rate, but radiography allows defect detection. Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) RPDs had 100% success, though Ti offers weight advantages and quality control.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Prosthetics
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Titanium (Ti) is a promising material for removable partial dentures (RPDs) due to its low density and biocompatibility.
  • Conventional cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys are widely used for RPD frameworks, but their density can be a drawback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical performance and laboratory success rates of titanium (Ti) removable partial dentures (RPDs) compared to conventional cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) RPDs.
  • To assess the feasibility of radiographic screening for internal defects in Ti castings for RPDs.

Main Methods:

  • Ten patients received Ti and Co-Cr RPDs, with five complete Ti dentures also fabricated.
  • Laboratory procedures for both complete and partial Ti dentures were evaluated.

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  • Radiography was used to screen Ti castings for porosities exceeding 0.5 mm, while Co-Cr frames were not screened radiographically.

    • Main Results:

    • The casting success rate for Ti RPDs was 60%, with radiography enabling the rejection of defective castings.
    • Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) RPDs achieved a 100% casting success rate without radiographic screening.
    • Titanium (Ti) RPDs were 1.3 to 3.9 g lighter than Co-Cr RPDs, a difference significant for maxillary complete dentures.

    Conclusions:

    • Titanium (Ti) offers a weight advantage for removable partial dentures (RPDs) and allows for pre-clinical quality control via radiography.
    • While current casting success rates for Ti may be lower than Co-Cr, advancements in technology are expected to improve this.
    • Radiographic screening is a viable method for ensuring the quality of titanium castings in RPD fabrication.