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The development of the complement system after 28 weeks' gestation

B Wolach1, T Dolfin, R Regev

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Meir General Hospital, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Complement levels are significantly lower in preterm and full-term infants compared to adults. The complement system shows minimal development before 33 weeks of gestation in preterm infants.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Research

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for immune defense.
  • Understanding complement development in neonates is vital for assessing infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate complement component levels and activity in preterm infants.
  • To determine the developmental trajectory of the complement system in relation to gestational age.

Main Methods:

  • Measured complement activities (CH50, AP50) and components (C1q-C9, Factor B, properdin).
  • Studied preterm infants (28-33 weeks GA and 34-36 weeks GA), full-term neonates, and healthy adults.
  • Correlated complement levels with gestational age, birth weight, delivery type, and gender.

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Main Results:

  • Complement levels and activity were significantly reduced in neonates (preterm and full-term) versus adults.
  • C8 and C9 levels were markedly reduced across all gestational ages.
  • Complement levels showed a significant positive correlation with gestational age.
  • No significant correlation was found between complement levels and birth weight, delivery type, or gender.
  • The complement system demonstrated minimal development between 28 and 33 weeks' gestation.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm and full-term neonates have immature complement systems compared to adults.
  • Gestational age is a key determinant of complement system development in infants.
  • Infants born before 33 weeks gestation exhibit particularly underdeveloped complement pathways, potentially increasing infection susceptibility.