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Macrophages in resistance to candidiasis
1Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706-1532, USA.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|June 1, 1997
Summary
Mononuclear phagocytes are crucial for fighting Candida albicans infections. These cells use various mechanisms, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, to eliminate the fungus, aiding host resistance.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing disease primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
- Understanding host resistance mechanisms is vital for developing new treatments for candidiasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of phagocytic cells in host resistance to Candida albicans.
- To highlight the mechanisms by which phagocytes combat fungal infections.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on phagocyte function and Candida albicans interactions.
- Analysis of opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis mechanisms.
- Examination of oxygen-dependent and -independent killing mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Mononuclear phagocytes effectively phagocytize and kill Candida albicans blastoconidia and hyphae.
- Reactive nitrogen intermediates, alongside reactive oxygen intermediates, contribute to fungal killing.
- Peroxynitrite, formed from nitric oxide and superoxide anion, is a potent candidacidal molecule.
- Differentiated macrophages, activated by cytokines like gamma interferon, are key in acquired immunity.
Conclusions:
- Mononuclear phagocytes play a significant role in both systemic and mucosal candidiasis resistance.
- These cells are important even in the absence of neutrophils.
- Phagocyte diversity and activation states are critical for effective host defense against Candida albicans.