Vertebral and metacarpal morphometry as indicators of nutritional improvement

Because of the importance of nutrition in the development of bone mass, we studied the nutritional state, and bone state by means of metacarpal radiogrammetric measurements and vertebral morphometry in a group of 40 premenopausal women born between 1960 and 1970, mean age 29 +/- 5 years, and in another group of 40 postmenopausal women born between 1934 and 1944, mean age 55 +/- 4 years. Both groups were considered normal, the main characteristic distinguishing them being that the women born between 1934 and 1944 grew up in a period of widespread malnutrition in Spain and the women born between 1960 and 1970 grew up in a period of normal nutrition. Protein, carbohydrate and fat intake in these two periods differed significantly (p < 0.0001 in the three cases by Fischer's exact test). The values of the metacarpal measurements, anterior height of the dorsal vertebrae from T-4 to T-12, and posterior height from L-1 to L-4 between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups of women were significantly different (p < 0.001) (Anova test). These findings show the importance of nutrition in the development of bone mass during childhood.