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Virus transfer from surf to wind

E R Baylor, M B Baylor, D C Blanchard

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 11, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Sea spray aerosol generated by bursting bubbles can transport marine viruses. This study demonstrates bubble levitation effectively concentrates viruses in aerosols, with concentrations decreasing exponentially with distance from the shore.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Microbiology
    • Oceanography

    Background:

    • Marine sea spray aerosol formation is a key process in the ocean-atmosphere interface.
    • Bubbles in breaking waves adsorb and transport various substances, including viruses, to the surface.
    • This adsorption and transport mechanism is analogous to industrial bubble levitation techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of bubble adsorption and bursting in generating virus-laden sea spray aerosol.
    • To quantify the concentration of viruses in aerosol produced by simulated sea surf.
    • To assess the potential for airborne marine viruses to be transported to coastal environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulated sea surf conditions were created in a laboratory setting.

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  • Viruses were deliberately injected into the surf to mimic natural conditions.
  • Aerosol samples were collected and analyzed for virus concentration using plaque assays.
  • Virus-bearing aerosol deposition on a simulated beach was measured at varying distances from the surf.

    • Main Results:

    • Bubble adsorption and bursting effectively concentrated viruses into aerosol droplets.
    • Aerosol produced contained up to 200 times more virus per milliliter than the original surf water.
    • The frequency of virus-bearing aerosol drops decreased exponentially with increasing distance from the surf.

    Conclusions:

    • Bubble-mediated aerosolization is a significant mechanism for virus transport from the ocean to the atmosphere.
    • This process can lead to the deposition of viable viruses onto coastal landmasses.
    • Understanding virus transport via sea spray is crucial for assessing potential microbial contamination risks in coastal areas.