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Accelerated lung function decline in swine confinement workers

A Senthilselvan1, J A Dosman, S P Kirychuk

  • 1Centre for Agricultural Medicine, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Canada.

Chest
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
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Swine confinement workers and grain farmers experience accelerated lung function decline. This occupational exposure increases their risk for developing chronic airflow limitation.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Pulmonology
  • Environmental Medicine

Background:

  • Occupational exposures in agriculture can impact respiratory health.
  • Previous studies have indicated potential risks for farmers, but specific data on swine confinement workers is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the annual rate of decline in pulmonary function among male swine confinement workers.
  • To compare lung function decline in swine workers with grain farmers and nonfarming rural controls.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study design was employed, with pulmonary function measurements taken at baseline (1990-1991) and follow-up (1994-1995).
  • Participants included 217 swine confinement workers, 218 grain farmers, and 179 nonfarming control subjects.
  • Statistical analyses controlled for age, height, smoking status, and baseline pulmonary function.

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Main Results:

  • Swine confinement workers exhibited the largest annual decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), particularly in middle age categories.
  • After controlling for covariates, swine workers showed significantly greater annual declines in FEV1 (26.1 mL), FVC (33.5 mL), and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF[25-75%]) (42.0 mL/s) compared to controls.
  • Grain farmers also demonstrated excess annual declines in FEV1 and FVC over controls, though less pronounced than swine workers.

Conclusions:

  • Workers in the swine industry and grain farming are susceptible to accelerated annual lung function loss.
  • These occupational groups may be at increased risk for developing chronic airflow limitation due to their work environments.