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Related Experiment Videos

Beyond expertise: theory, practice and the reflexive practitioner

G Rolfe1

  • 1School of Health Studies, University of Portsmouth, Education Centre, St James Hospital, UK.

Journal of Clinical Nursing
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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This study proposes a sixth level of practice beyond expertise, characterized by mindful practice and informal theory building. This advanced level integrates theory and practice, closing the gap between them through continuous refinement.

Area of Science:

  • Nursing Education
  • Professional Development
  • Clinical Practice Theory

Background:

  • Revisiting Patricia Benner's "From Novice to Expert" model.
  • Considering recent literature on informal, practice-based theory.
  • Identifying limitations in the traditional portrayal of expertise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new level of practice beyond expertise.
  • To explore the concept of mindful practice and informal theory building.
  • To examine the integration of theory and practice in advanced clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of existing models of expertise.
  • Integration of recent theories on practice-based knowledge.
  • Theoretical exploration of a "sixth level" of practice.

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Main Results:

  • A proposed sixth level of practice characterized by informal theory building.
  • Demonstration of how practitioners construct and apply theory from practice.
  • Evidence of reflexive modification of theory based on clinical experience.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed sixth level signifies a more integrated approach to theory and practice.
  • Mindful practice and informal theory building are key to advancing beyond expertise.
  • Closing the theory-practice gap is achieved through a cyclical process of application and refinement.