Predictors of repeat emergency department visits by elders

Area of Science:

• Geriatric Medicine
• Emergency Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Older adults frequently utilize hospital emergency departments (EDs).
• Understanding predictors of repeat ED visits in this demographic is crucial for healthcare resource allocation and patient care.
• Previous studies have explored factors influencing ED utilization, but specific characteristics of older patients with repeat visits require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify patient characteristics associated with repeat emergency department (ED) visits within 90 days among older adults (≥75 years).
• To inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at reducing healthcare utilization in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital's ED.
• Patients aged 75 years and older were assessed using questionnaires and functional/cognitive status instruments.
• Hospital administrative data were used to track repeat ED visits within 90 days.

Main Results:

• Of 113 discharged patients, 24% had repeat ED visits within 90 days.
• Univariate analysis showed repeat visits correlated with functional problems, cognitive impairment, and prior ED visits.
• Independent predictors in logistic regression included male gender, living alone, and number of functional problems; nighttime arrival was also associated.

Conclusions:

• Self-reported risk factors, such as functional and cognitive status, can identify older adults at high risk for repeat ED visits.
• Developing screening tools and interventions based on these factors may improve quality of life and decrease ED demand.
• Targeted interventions for elders with identified risk factors could optimize care and reduce healthcare costs.