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Related Experiment Videos

Subtype-specific problems with quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA

A Alaeus1, K Lidman, A Sönnerborg

  • 1Division of Infectious Disease, Karolinska Institute, Danderyd Hospital, Sweden.

AIDS (London, England)
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Two commercial HIV-1 RNA assays struggle to accurately quantify viral load in subtype A infections. This limitation may hinder routine monitoring for many HIV-1 patients globally.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels is crucial for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy.
  • Commercial assays are widely used for plasma HIV-1 RNA quantification, but their performance across different HIV-1 genetic subtypes requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficiency of two commercial assays (Roche HIV monitor and Organon NASBA) in quantifying plasma HIV-1 RNA across various genetic subtypes.
  • To identify potential biases in viral load detection related to specific HIV-1 subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Blind testing of 95 plasma samples from individuals infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes (A, B, C, D, E, G, H, J).
  • HIV-1 subtypes were previously determined by V3 env gene sequencing.

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  • Samples were tested using the Roche HIV monitor assay and the Organon NASBA HIV-1 RNA quantitative assay.

    • Main Results:

    • Assay results showed strong correlation for subtypes B, C, and D.
    • Significant underestimation or negative results were observed for subtype A samples, with 56% negative by HIV monitor and 44% by NASBA.
    • These discrepancies in subtype A were not attributable to patient immune status, treatment, or sample storage.

    Conclusions:

    • The Roche HIV monitor and Organon NASBA assays demonstrate limited accuracy in quantifying HIV-1 RNA in plasma from subtype A-infected individuals.
    • Primer mismatches are suspected to cause these detection issues, potentially impacting routine HIV-1 monitoring globally.
    • Further development of assays is needed to ensure equitable performance across all HIV-1 genetic subtypes.