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Effect of age on event-based and time-based prospective memory

D C Park1, C Hertzog, D P Kidder

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. denise@umich.edu

Psychology and Aging
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Older adults show age differences in prospective memory tasks, especially time-based ones. Deficits in time-based prospective memory may stem from underlying time-monitoring difficulties.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for daily functioning.
  • Age-related declines in PM are well-documented but vary by task type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age differences in event-based and time-based prospective memory.
  • To explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying these age-related differences.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments involving working memory and prospective memory tasks (event-based and time-based).
  • Inclusion of control groups performing only working memory or prospective memory tasks.
  • Analysis of performance costs and time-monitoring errors.

Main Results:

  • Significant age differences were observed in both event-based and time-based PM tasks.

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  • The age effect was more pronounced in time-based PM.
  • Event-based PM imposed a higher cognitive load on working memory compared to time-based PM.
  • Older adults exhibited substantial time-monitoring errors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Age-related PM deficits are task-dependent.
    • Time-based PM impairments in older adults may be linked to fundamental deficits in time monitoring.
    • Event-based PM requires significant attentional resources.