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Animal mycoplasmoses: a general introduction
1Institute for Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Abstract:
The nature of the smallest prokaryotes with autonomous replication, i.e. the mycoplasmas, which constitute the class Mollicutes, is presented in brief. These micro-organisms are extracellular parasites of the mucous membranes in animals. Mycoplasmas may cause infections, known as mycoplasmoses. The author describes current knowledge of the pathogenicity of mycoplasmas, especially in regard to the diverse effects on the immune system and the variability of the superficial antigens. Relatively few species of pathogenic mycoplasmas cause mycoplasmoses (both sporadic and endemic diseases) which have significant socio-economic consequences. The control and prevention of endemic mycoplasmoses can only be achieved with effective diagnostic tools and an efficient structure of epidemiological surveillance. The author recommends the encouragement of biological and genetic research on the mycoplasmas and the co-ordination of the development of diagnostic tests, including evaluation and validation in various epidemiological field situations.
Insights
Mycoplasmas, the smallest bacteria, are parasites causing animal infections called mycoplasmoses. Effective control requires better diagnostics and surveillance for these economically significant diseases.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Veterinary Science
Background:
- Mycoplasmas (class Mollicutes) are the smallest prokaryotes capable of autonomous replication.
- These microorganisms act as extracellular parasites, primarily infecting the mucous membranes of animals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a brief overview of the nature of mycoplasmas.
- To describe current knowledge on the pathogenicity of mycoplasmas, focusing on immune system effects and antigen variability.
- To highlight the socio-economic impact of mycoplasmoses and the need for improved control strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing knowledge on mycoplasma pathogenicity.
- Analysis of immune system interactions and superficial antigen variability.
- Discussion of epidemiological surveillance and diagnostic needs.
Main Results:
- Pathogenic mycoplasmas cause mycoplasmoses, leading to sporadic and endemic diseases with significant socio-economic consequences.
- Mycoplasma pathogenicity involves diverse effects on the host immune system and variable superficial antigens.
- Effective control of endemic mycoplasmoses necessitates advanced diagnostic tools and robust epidemiological surveillance.
Conclusions:
- Further biological and genetic research on mycoplasmas is crucial.
- Coordinated development and validation of diagnostic tests are recommended for diverse epidemiological settings.
- Enhanced understanding and tools are essential for managing mycoplasmoses in animal populations.