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Swine mycoplasmoses
1Centre National d'Etudes Vétérinaires et Alimentaires (CNEVA), Unité de Recherche Mycoplasmologie Bactériologie, Ploufragan, France.
Revue Scientifique Et Technique (International Office of Epizootics)
|December 1, 1996
Summary
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs, while M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae can lead to polyserositis, arthritis, and economic losses. Diagnosis and control strategies like vaccination are crucial for managing these swine mycoplasma infections.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Swine Pathology
- Animal Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the primary cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs, characterized by specific lung lesions and immune responses.
- Other Mycoplasma species, including M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae, are prevalent in swine and can cause significant economic losses through polyserositis, arthritis, and joint tissue damage.
- Mycoplasma flocculare is widespread in swine but currently lacks described pathogenic capabilities, though it shares similarities with M. hyopneumoniae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathogenic roles and diagnostic approaches for key Mycoplasma species affecting swine.
- To highlight the clinical manifestations and economic impact associated with Mycoplasma-induced diseases in pigs.
- To discuss current control strategies, including antibiotic therapy and vaccination, for Mycoplasma infections in swine.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Mycoplasma species affecting swine.
- Analysis of diagnostic methods such as immunofluorescent tests and ELISA for M. hyopneumoniae.
- Examination of clinical signs, lesion characteristics, and isolation techniques for M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae.
Main Results:
- M. hyopneumoniae infection leads to epithelial hyperplasia and mononuclear cell accumulation in pig lungs.
- M. hyorhinis can cause polyserositis and arthritis, with detection in acute/subacute lesions and serum antibodies.
- M. hyosynoviae specifically targets joint tissues, causing arthritic disease with serofibrinous fluid accumulation and synovial membrane effects.
Conclusions:
- Effective laboratory diagnostics and control measures, including antibiotics and vaccination, are essential for managing M. hyopneumoniae.
- M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae pose significant threats to swine health and farm economics due to their ability to cause systemic and joint diseases.
- Further research into M. flocculare may be warranted due to its similarity to M. hyopneumoniae.