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[Relationship between heart rate and general mortality and that caused by cardiovascular diseases]
A Pytlak1, W Piotrowski, G Broda
1Zakładu Epidemiologii i Prewencji Chorób Układu Krazenia, Instytutu Kardiologii w Warszawie.
Insights
Elevated heart rate (HR) is linked to increased mortality risk. This study found higher baseline HR significantly predicted both all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular epidemiology
- Public health research
- Clinical cardiology
Background:
- Heart rate (HR) is a vital sign, but its long-term prognostic value for mortality requires further investigation.
- Previous research suggests a potential link between elevated HR and adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between baseline heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
- To determine if HR is an independent predictor of mortality after adjusting for other risk factors.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal follow-up study of 2646 adults (aged 35-64) from the first Warsaw Pol-Monica screening (1984-1992).
- Cause of death ascertained from death certificates.
- Proportional hazard Cox models used for univariate and multivariate analyses, adjusting for covariates.
Main Results:
- A mean baseline HR of 76.8 bpm in deceased individuals compared to 73.9 bpm in survivors (p=0.0001).
- Univariate analysis showed HR positively related to all-cause mortality (RR=1.29) and CVD mortality (RR=1.31).
- Multivariate analysis confirmed HR's significant positive association with all-cause mortality (SRR=1.24) and a near-significant association with CVD mortality (SRR=1.20).
Conclusions:
- Elevated baseline heart rate is a significant predictor of all-cause mortality.
- Higher heart rate may also be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality, warranting further clinical attention.
Abstract:
The sample of 1309 men and 1337 women, aged 35-64, randomly selected for the first Warsaw Pol-Monica screening performed in 1984, was followed up in 1992. All deaths were registered according to the cause of death based on death certificate diagnosis. The proportional hazard Cox model was used for univariate heart rate (HR) analysis and for multivariate analysis after adjustment for covariates (HR divided into 4 subgroups). Out of screened subjects 263 persons died (139 due to cardiovascular disease CVD). Mean baseline HR of persons who died was 76.8 (+/- 11.5) versus 73.9 (+/- 10.2) for subjects who survived (p = 0.0001). In the univariate analysis the heart rate was significantly positively related both to all cause mortality (relative risk RR = 1.29, p = 0.0001) as well as to cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.31, p = 0.0025). In the multivariate analysis HR was significantly positively related to all cause mortality (standardized RR = 1.24, p = 0.0012), but almost significantly related to cardiovascular mortality (SRR = 1.20, p = 0.052).