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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation
06:25

Cooling or Warming the Esophagus to Reduce Esophageal Injury During Left Atrial Ablation in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

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Correlation between thermosensor temperature and transrectal ultrasonography during prostate cryoablation

J Steed1, J C Saliken, B J Donnelly

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alta.

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal L'Association Canadienne Des Radiologistes
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) cannot accurately monitor prostate freezing during cryotherapy. Operators overestimated freezing adequacy, potentially leading to inadequate cryoablation of the neurovascular bundle region.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Prostate cryotherapy is a treatment for localized prostate cancer.
  • Monitoring the freezing adequacy in the neurovascular bundle region is crucial for effective cryoablation and preserving erectile function.
  • Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is commonly used during prostate cryotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in monitoring the adequacy of freezing in the prostate's neurovascular bundle region during cryotherapy.
  • To determine if cryo-operators can reliably estimate temperatures at the neurovascular bundles using sonographic observations.

Main Methods:

  • 11 patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate cryotherapy were studied.
  • Thermosensors monitored actual temperatures in the prostatic neurovascular bundles.
  • Cryo-operators, blinded to temperature, used TRUS to estimate freezing every 2 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Operators estimated adequate freezing (≤-20°C) in 85 instances.
  • In these cases, measured temperatures were on average 6.0°C warmer than estimated.
  • Only 44% of operator estimates of ≤-20°C corresponded to actual measured temperatures of ≤-20°C.

Conclusions:

  • TRUS evaluation was not accurate for predicting subzero temperatures at the neurovascular bundles.
  • Significant bias and error in TRUS estimations may result in inadequate prostate freezing during cryoablation.
  • Current TRUS monitoring may compromise the efficacy of prostate cryotherapy.