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Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger: physiology and pharmacology
1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan.
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
|May 1, 1997
Summary
The Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger regulates intracellular calcium. Recent molecular and electrophysiological studies reveal its structure, function, and roles in health and disease, offering pharmacological insights.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- The plasma membrane Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger is a bidirectional, electrogenic ion transporter crucial for intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
- It operates in forward (Ca2+ extrusion) and reverse (Ca2+ influx) modes, impacting cellular function.
- Distinct types exist, including cardiac and rod outer segment exchangers, alongside an electroneutral mitochondrial variant.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger.
- To highlight progress in its structure, mechanism, regulation, and physiological/pathological significance.
- To focus on aspects of pharmacological interest.
Main Methods:
- Molecular biology techniques identifying multiple isoforms (e.g., NCX1, NCX2, NCX3).
- Electrophysiological studies elucidating transport mechanisms and function.
- Integration of data from various biological and chemical disciplines.
Main Results:
- Identification of at least 8 isoforms of the cardiac type (NCX1) and other exchangers (NCX2, NCX3) in the brain.
- Accumulating evidence on the exchanger's structure, mechanism, regulation, and roles.
- Significant progress in understanding its physiological and pathological involvement.
Conclusions:
- The Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger is a complex system with diverse roles and isoforms.
- Ongoing research utilizing advanced techniques continues to expand our knowledge.
- The exchanger represents a promising target for pharmacological interventions.