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Evidence from imaging on the relationship between brain structure and developmental language disorders

M Semrud-Clikeman1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Neuroimaging reveals that specific brain regions, particularly the left perisylvian areas, are crucial for language processing in developmental language and learning disorders. These findings suggest a biological basis for these conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Developmental language and learning disorders affect phoneme and auditory processing.
  • Previous research implicated specific brain regions based on lesion data and theory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurological underpinnings of developmental language and learning disorders using advanced imaging techniques.
  • To identify specific brain regions involved in language processing deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
  • Single Photon Emission Spectroscopy (SPES)
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

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Main Results:

  • Evidence implicates left perisylvian regions in phoneme and auditory processing.
  • The planum temporale and angular gyrus are compromised in individuals with dyslexia or language impairment.
  • Similar brain differences are observed in families with a history of developmental language disorders, suggesting a transmittable biological factor.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging provides critical insights into the structural and functional brain differences associated with developmental language and learning disorders.
  • Findings support a biological and potentially heritable component to these disorders.
  • Dynamic imaging is advancing the understanding of normal and abnormal language acquisition.