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Temperature rise during drilling through bone

M B Abouzgia1, D F James

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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This study measured drilling temperatures in bovine bone, finding that heat distribution follows a predictable pattern related to distance from the hole. Bone

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Biomechanics
  • Surgical Engineering

Background:

  • Drilling bone generates heat, which can impact tissue viability and implant success.
  • Understanding thermal effects during bone drilling is crucial for optimizing surgical techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify temperature distribution during high-speed drilling of bovine cortical bone.
  • To investigate the influence of drilling force and direction on temperature rise.

Main Methods:

  • High-speed drilling (49,000 rpm) of bovine cortical bone specimens using a custom apparatus.
  • Temperature measurement using thermocouples at varying distances from the drilled hole.
  • Regression analysis to model temperature distribution as a function of distance and drilling force.

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Main Results:

  • Maximum temperature rise (delta T) followed a power law distribution (delta T = aR-b) with distance (R) from the hole center.
  • Temperature initially increased with drilling force up to 4.0 N, then decreased due to reduced drilling time.
  • Higher temperatures were observed in the longitudinal direction compared to the circumferential direction, indicating bone's anisotropic thermal properties.

Conclusions:

  • Drilling-induced temperatures in bone are predictable and influenced by drilling parameters and bone's anisotropic thermal conductivity.
  • These findings have implications for minimizing thermal damage during orthopedic procedures.
  • Optimizing drilling parameters can help manage heat generation and preserve bone tissue integrity.