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Updated: Sep 23, 2026

Murine Model for Parkinson's Disease: from 6-OH Dopamine Lesion to Behavioral Test
Published on: January 15, 2010
Long-term treatment with intermitent intranasal or subcutaneous apormorphine in patients with levodopa-related motor
J Esteban Muñoz1, M J Martí, C Marín
1Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Spain.
Abstract:
Twenty patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and disabling motor fluctuations were treated with intermittent subcutaneous (11 patients) or intranasal (nine patients) apomorphine for > 2 years. Apomorphine significantly reduced the mean daily "off" hours in both groups (p < 0.01) and improved "off" dystonia and end-of-dose and diphasic diskinesias. Unlike others authors, we found no difference between intranasal and subcutaneous' groups of treatment in the mean dose of apomorphine required to turn "on." Tolerance phenomenon to apomorphine could not be demonstrated in the follow-up period. Nasal crusting and vestibulitis observed in some patients treated intranasally were the more severe side effects and determined that some of them either switched to subcutaneous therapy or abandoned the treatment.
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