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Thrombosis in the young: epidemiology and risk factors. A focus on venous thrombosis

F R Rosendaal1

  • 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands. f.r.rosendaal@clinhematology.medfac.leidenuniv.nl

Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|July 1, 1997
PubMed

Insights

Venous thrombosis is the most common in individuals under 40, often requiring multiple risk factors. Young women frequently develop venous thrombosis due to oral contraceptives, pregnancy, or puerperium.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Thrombosis, including myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and venous thromboembolism (deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), is a significant health concern.
  • The incidence and type of thrombosis are strongly age-dependent, with venous thrombosis being most prevalent in individuals under 40.
  • Risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis differ, with hemostasis disorders being more prominent in venous thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the age-specific incidence and risk factors associated with various forms of thrombosis.
  • To differentiate between risk factors for arterial versus venous thrombosis, particularly in younger populations.
  • To understand the multifactorial nature of venous thrombosis, especially in children and young adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on thrombosis incidence across different age groups.
  • Analysis of known risk factors for arterial and venous thrombosis.
  • Comparison of risk factor profiles in children, young adults, and older individuals.

Main Results:

  • Venous thrombosis is the predominant form in individuals up to age 40.
  • In children, venous thrombosis is primarily linked to venous catheters, except for neonatal renal vein thrombosis.
  • Young women face elevated venous thrombosis risk from oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and puerperium.
  • Venous thrombosis is multifactorial, requiring multiple co-existing risk factors, with more factors needed in younger individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Age is a critical determinant of thrombosis type and incidence.
  • Specific risk factors, such as oral contraceptives and pregnancy, disproportionately affect younger women.
  • Venous thrombosis development is a complex interplay of multiple risk factors, with a higher threshold in pediatric and young adult populations.

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