Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 14, 2026

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat
08:18

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

PAI-1, obesity, insulin resistance and risk of cardiovascular events

I Juhan-Vague1, M C Alessi

  • 1Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France.

Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|July 1, 1997
PubMed

Insights

Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are linked to coronary heart disease and insulin resistance. PAI-1 may connect obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Syndrome Research
  • Thrombosis and Hemostasis

Background:

  • Elevated circulating levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are observed in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • The insulin resistance syndrome is strongly associated with increased PAI-1 expression and is a predisposing factor for diabetes and ischemic heart disease.
  • Central obesity, a hallmark of insulin resistance, is a recognized risk factor for CHD, with adipose tissue identified as a significant source of PAI-1 production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of PAI-1 in the development of atherothrombosis.
  • To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance, obesity, and elevated PAI-1 levels.
  • To assess the predictive capacity of PAI-1 for coronary events in the context of metabolic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies and prospective cohort studies examining PAI-1 levels.
  • Analysis of the association between PAI-1, insulin resistance markers, and central obesity.
  • Evaluation of PAI-1 production by adipose tissue, particularly omental tissue.

Main Results:

  • PAI-1 levels are elevated in patients with coronary heart disease.
  • Insulin resistance syndrome significantly regulates PAI-1 expression and plasma levels.
  • Adipose tissue, especially omental tissue, contributes to elevated plasma PAI-1.
  • The predictive value of PAI-1 for coronary events diminishes after adjusting for insulin resistance markers.
  • Genetic control of PAI-1 appears to have a limited role based on family studies.

Conclusions:

  • PAI-1 serves as a potential link between obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Elevated PAI-1 is associated with increased risk of coronary events, but this association is mediated by insulin resistance.
  • Understanding the interplay between PAI-1, metabolic status, and cardiovascular health is crucial for risk assessment and management.

More Related Videos

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion08:22

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

Published on: March 20, 2017

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)08:13

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.