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Related Experiment Videos

Failure to support a test for penis envy

N F Skinner1

  • 1King's College, University of Western Ontario, Canada.

Psychological Reports
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women were more likely than men to keep pencils after a psychology exam. However, this study did not support the original conclusion that this behavior is a manifestation of penis envy.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Original study by Johnson (1966) found higher non-compliance rates among women regarding pencil return.
  • The 1966 study suggested a link between non-compliance and penis envy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate Johnson's (1966) findings on pencil return compliance.
  • To investigate the validity of the penis envy explanation for observed gender differences in compliance.

Main Methods:

  • Replication of Johnson's (1966) experimental setup.
  • Data collection on pencil return rates from male and female introductory psychology students.

Main Results:

  • Significantly more women than men did not return their pencils, consistent with Johnson (1966).

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  • The hypothesis linking pencil retention to penis envy was not supported by the data.

    • Conclusions:

    • Gender differences in compliance with returning pencils were observed.
    • The psychoanalytic explanation of penis envy is not supported as a cause for this behavior.