[Renal angiolipoma associated with bilateral double ureter. A clinical case]

Renal angiomyolipoma is a rare renal tumor usually associated with tuberous sclerosis, a syndrome characterized by adenoma sebaceum, mental insufficiency and epilepsy. The authors present a rare case of renal angio-myolipoma associated with bilateral double ureter, in a young male patient not affected by tuberous sclerosis. Histologically, the angiomyolipoma is defined by the presence of smooth muscular cells, new formed vessels and fat. Clinical diagnosis requires the utilization of various imaging techniques, like intravenous pyelogram, ultrasonic scan, CT scan, and FNA (Fine Needle Aspiration). In the histopathologic diagnosis of angiomyolipoma the use of immunohistochemical techniques with different antibodies has been helpful, for the necessity to differentiate angiomyolipoma from other epithelial tumors, as renal cell carcinoma and sarcomatous neoplasms. As for as treatment is concerned, the indication for surgery is still maintained by two factors not affected by these diagnostic improvements: tumor size and presence of symptoms. Tumor size is an important predictive growth factor of the tumor. In the absence of symptoms a close follow-up with ultrasonographic scan may be indicated, keeping in mind the possible presence of a synchronous renal cell carcinoma. Hemorrhage can be a fatal complication of renal angiomyolipoma, requiring emergency surgery or embolization.