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Perforating granuloma annulare

P F Penas1, M Jones-Caballero, J Fraga

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.

International Journal of Dermatology
|May 1, 1997
PubMed
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Perforating granuloma annulare (PGA) is a distinct clinical entity from granuloma annulare (GA), often presenting as disseminated, papular, pustular lesions and scars in both children and adults. Histology suggests superficial necrobiotic granuloma causes epidermal perforation, with disappointing treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Perforating granuloma annulare (PGA) is a rare histologic subtype of granuloma annulare (GA).
  • PGA typically affects the dorsum of the hands in children, but its clinical presentation and pathogenesis remain unclear.

Observation:

  • This review analyzed six cases of PGA and 52 previously reported cases.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment, and follow-up.

Findings:

  • PGA accounts for up to 5% of GA cases, with pustular lesions (26%) and scars (37%) being common.
  • Unlike GA, PGA often presents as multiple lesions (91%) and affects adults (50% > 30 years).
  • Common findings include papular, umbilicated, and crusted lesions.

Implications:

Related Experiment Videos

  • PGA exhibits distinct clinical features from GA, characterized by disseminated papules, pustules, and scars in both pediatric and adult populations.
  • Superficial necrobiotic granuloma is hypothesized to cause epidermal perforation in PGA.
  • Current treatment strategies for PGA show limited efficacy.