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[Adipocyte differentiation and nuclear receptor]

T Hirose1, S Kurebayashi

  • 1Department of Medicine III, Osaka University Medical School.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is crucial for adipocyte differentiation and insulin action. Its activation by antidiabetic drugs improves insulin resistance, highlighting its therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear receptors play vital roles in adipocyte differentiation and function.
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma expression is induced during adipocyte differentiation and maintained in mature adipocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the roles of nuclear receptors in adipocyte differentiation and function.
  • To investigate the role of PPAR gamma in adipocyte phenotype acquisition and insulin action.
  • To identify genes regulated by thiazolidinediones in adipocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Forced expression of PPAR gamma in NIH3T3 fibroblasts.
  • Administration of thiazolidinediones (e.g., troglitazone) to adipocytes.
  • Differential display PCR to identify regulated genes.

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Main Results:

  • Forced PPAR gamma expression converted fibroblasts to adipocytes, confirming its role in phenotype regulation.
  • Thiazolidinediones, PPAR gamma ligands, improved insulin resistance, suggesting PPAR gamma's role in insulin action.
  • Several genes regulated by troglitazone in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were identified.

Conclusions:

  • PPAR gamma is a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and function.
  • PPAR gamma activation by antidiabetic drugs holds therapeutic potential for insulin resistance.
  • Orphan receptors ROR alpha/gamma and Rev-ErbA are also involved in adipocyte differentiation, warranting further investigation.