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Anisakis simplex, a relevant etiologic factor in acute urticaria

M D Del Pozo¹, M Audícana, J M Diez

¹Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Santiago Apóstol, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

|May 1, 1997

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Anisakis simplex, a fish parasite, is an important cause of acute urticaria (hives) and angioedema. This study found a significant link between Anisakis simplex allergy and these allergic reactions, especially after consuming fish.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Parasitology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Anisakis simplex is a parasite found in fish and cephalopods.
It is known to cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions in humans.
Urticaria/angioedema (AE) and anaphylaxis are common allergic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the etiological role of Anisakis simplex in patients experiencing urticaria/angioedema or anaphylaxis.
To identify the prevalence of Anisakis simplex allergy among patients with acute urticarial episodes.

Main Methods:

A study was conducted on 100 adult subjects with acute urticaria/angioedema episodes.
Methods included medical history, skin prick tests with Anisakis simplex and fish extracts, and measurement of total and specific IgE levels.

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Diagnostic criteria for Anisakis simplex allergy were established, excluding other potential causes.

Main Results:

Specific IgE to Anisakis simplex was detected in 22 subjects, with eight formally diagnosed with Anisakis simplex allergy.
Other allergens were implicated in 37 patients, and 55 cases were deemed idiopathic.
Specific IgE to fish was found in two patients, with one diagnosed with fish allergy.

Conclusions:

Anisakis simplex is identified as a significant etiological factor in acute urticaria.
The study suggests considering Anisakis simplex in the differential diagnosis of urticaria/angioedema or anaphylaxis, particularly following fish consumption.