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Related Experiment Videos

Normal heterophoric changes: 20 years' follow-up

A Spierer1, L Hefetz

  • 1Goldschleger Eye Institute Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.

Graefe'S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology = Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv Fur Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Over 20 years, normal individuals developed increased esophoria for distance vision and exophoria for near vision. These changes in binocular vision were statistically significant.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Longitudinal evaluation of binocular vision status in healthy adults.
  • Assessing changes in heterophoria over two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate long-term changes in heterophoria.
  • To analyze shifts in convergence and accommodation over 20 years.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 100 healthy males.
  • Comparison of heterophoric status at ages 18-22 versus 34-38.
  • Measurement of near and distance fixation phorias, convergence, and accommodation.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in distance esophoria (0.9 prism diopters).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Significant increase in near exophoria (0.6 prism diopters).
  • Recession of near point of convergence and decrease in accommodation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Normal individuals exhibit progressive changes in heterophoria over 20 years.
    • Distance fixation shows a trend towards esophoria.
    • Near fixation shows a trend towards exophoria.