Pasteurella multocida peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Nephrology
• Pediatric Nephrology

Background:

• Peritoneal dialysis is a life-sustaining treatment for kidney failure.
• Patients on peritoneal dialysis are susceptible to infections, including peritonitis.
• Maintaining sterile conditions is crucial during peritoneal dialysis procedures.

Observation:

• A 12-year-old girl undergoing peritoneal dialysis presented with sub-clinical peritonitis.
• The peritonitis was caused by Pasteurella multocida, a bacterium commonly found in animals.
• The infection occurred after her peritoneal dialysis tubing was punctured by a domestic cat.

Findings:

• This case represents a rare instance of Pasteurella multocida peritonitis in a pediatric patient.
• Only four similar cases have been documented previously, all in adult patients.
• The route of transmission was likely direct inoculation from the cat's saliva or claws.

Implications:

• Domestic animals pose a potential, yet preventable, risk to patients on peritoneal dialysis.
• Strict protocols prohibiting animal contact with dialysis equipment are essential.
• Enhanced awareness among healthcare providers and patients regarding zoonotic risks in peritoneal dialysis is recommended.