Assembly process of 2D protein arrays in wetting films

We were successful in developing a technique to form protein array developed directly on solid surfaces. This promising array formation revealed two new concepts of the ordering mechanism: the lifetime of a secondary minimum and secondary films. These concepts are not limited to our film formation technique. Any electrolytic thin film on a solid surfaces or any free film may contain a secondary film. If the secondary film can be retained in an electrolytic thin film for a sufficient period, a large single domain of small colloidal particles, such as proteins, fine metal particles, fine semi-conductive particles, etc., can be produced by an Alder-type transition.