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Hantaviruses: a global disease problem

C Schmaljohn1, B Hjelle

  • 1United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA. cschmaljohn@detrick.army.mil

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Hantaviruses, carried by rodents worldwide, can cause severe diseases like hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the US and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome globally. Ongoing research reveals new hantaviruses, highlighting their public health importance.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hantaviruses are zoonotic viruses primarily carried by rodents globally.
  • Historically, hantaviruses were known for causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Eastern Hemisphere.
  • A novel hantavirus emerged in 1993 in the US, causing severe respiratory illness, termed hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the global distribution and ecology of hantaviruses.
  • To assess the disease potential and genetic diversity of newly discovered hantaviruses.
  • To highlight the public health significance of hantaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hantavirus ecology and epidemiology.
  • Analysis of hantavirus distribution and rodent reservoirs.

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  • Examination of genetic data and disease manifestations.

    • Main Results:

    • Hantaviruses are found in numerous rodent species across the world.
    • The discovery of HPS-causing hantaviruses expanded the known spectrum of hantavirus diseases.
    • Numerous novel hantaviruses have been identified through ongoing research.

    Conclusions:

    • Hantaviruses represent a significant global public health concern due to their widespread distribution and potential to cause severe human illness.
    • Continued investigation into hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and genetics is crucial for understanding and mitigating disease risks.
    • The emergence of new hantaviruses underscores the dynamic nature of zoonotic diseases.