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Alcohol: its effect on the kidney

D H Van Thiel, J S Gavaler, J M Little

    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Ethanol consumption significantly impairs renal function and causes kidney swelling. However, alcohol-fed animals exhibit kidney enlargement with increased protein, fat, and water content compared to controls.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Toxicology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Ethanol consumption is a global health concern with known systemic effects.
    • The specific impact of ethanol on renal morphology and function requires detailed investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of chronic ethanol feeding on kidney function, morphology, and composition.
    • To compare these effects with isocaloric dextrimaltose feeding.

    Main Methods:

    • Animals were fed either ethanol or isocaloric dextrimaltose.
    • Renal function, gross and microscopic morphology, and constituent analysis were performed.
    • Renal mass and constituent analysis were normalized for body weight.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Alcohol-fed animals showed significantly reduced renal function (p < 0.01) and interstitial edema.
    • Renal hypertrophy was observed in alcohol-fed animals, with increased absolute amounts of protein, fat, and water (p < 0.01).
    • DNA content per kidney remained similar between groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Ethanol intake negatively impacts renal function and induces interstitial edema.
    • Despite functional decline, ethanol leads to renal hypertrophy characterized by increased protein, fat, and water content.
    • Cellular proliferation, indicated by DNA content, was not significantly altered by ethanol feeding in this model.