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Behavioral effects of prematurity
M L Chapieski1, K D Evankovich
1Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicins, Houston, TX, USA.
Insights
Premature infants, especially those under 1,500g, show higher rates of behavioral issues like ADHD symptoms and social challenges. Interventions should support the child, parents, and school.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Pediatrics
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Premature birth is associated with potential developmental challenges.
- Understanding the factors contributing to behavioral issues in preterms is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on behavior and social problems in premature infants.
- To examine biological and social factors influencing these problems.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on preterm infant development.
- Analysis of factors contributing to behavioral outcomes.
Main Results:
- Preterm infants exhibit more negative temperament, ADHD symptoms, and lower social competence than full-term infants.
- Risk is concentrated in infants with birth weight <1,500g.
- Adverse social conditions exacerbate behavioral problems.
Conclusions:
- Preterm birth, particularly low birth weight, increases risk for specific behavioral and social problems.
- Parental perceptions and behaviors are influenced by preterm birth and infant characteristics.
- Comprehensive interventions involving child, parents, and school are recommended.
Abstract:
This report reviews the evidence for an increased incidence of behavior and social problems in infants and children born prematurely. The contribution of biological and social factors to the development of behavior problems in this population is also examined. The available evidence indicates that preterms more often than full-terms exhibit negative temperament characteristics, symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and lower levels of social competence. The risk for these problems appears to be limited to those infants with a birth weight of less than 1,500 g. Adverse social conditions also impact the expression of these problems. Preterms do not appear to be at as much risk for emotional or conduct problems or abnormal attachment to their mothers. Both the experience of a preterm birth and the characteristics of the infant can alter the perceptions and behavior of parents. Appropriate interventions should involve the child, the parents, and the school.