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The genetic contribution to dental maturation

B Pelsmaekers1, R Loos, C Carels

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors significantly influence dental maturation, with common environmental factors playing a larger role than individual experiences. This study analyzed dental age in twins to understand these influences.

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Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Genetics
  • Dentistry

Background:

  • Previous research established genetic influences on tooth size, morphology, and root formation.
  • However, studies on root formation lacked advanced methods like path analysis for estimating genetic influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the genetic and environmental influences on dental maturation.
  • To apply advanced model fitting techniques to quantify these influences.

Main Methods:

  • Dental age scores were assessed on panoramic radiographs of 58 twin pairs (26 monozygotic, 32 dizygotic) using Demirjian's method.
  • Symmetry of dental maturation was evaluated between left and right sides of the mandible and between twin members.
  • Correlation coefficients were compared between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.

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Main Results:

  • Dental maturation was found to be symmetrical.
  • Significantly higher correlation coefficients were observed in MZ twins compared to DZ twins, indicating genetic influence.
  • Model fitting revealed that additive genetic influences (A-component) accounted for 43% of the variation in dental age, while common environmental factors (C-component) explained 50% and specific environment (E-component) explained 8%.

Conclusions:

  • Dental maturation is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
  • Common environmental factors, likely due to shared developmental conditions, play a substantial role in dental maturation.
  • Additive genetic influences also contribute significantly to the variation in dental age.