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Related Experiment Videos

Sex differences in aggression: does social representation mediate form of aggression?

A Campbell1, M Sapochnik, S Muncer

  • 1Department of Psychology, Durham University, UK.

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Women exhibit higher indirect expressive aggression than men, a finding distinct from typical aggression patterns. This behavior, involving social exclusion, may not align with traditional aggression definitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Traditional views often associate higher aggression with males.
  • Previous research indicates females may exceed males in indirect aggression frequency.
  • Sex differences exist in how aggression is perceived: expressive (loss of control) versus instrumental (control over others).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in various forms of aggression.
  • To explore the relationship between aggression types and social representations of aggression.
  • To examine if indirect expressive aggression aligns with expressive social representations.

Main Methods:

  • 105 undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring direct, indirect instrumental, and indirect expressive aggression.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A psychometric measure (Expagg) assessed social representations of aggression.
  • Factor analysis was used to identify aggression scales.

    • Main Results:

    • Women scored significantly higher than men on indirect expressive aggression.
    • Women demonstrated a more expressive social representation of aggression compared to men.
    • Partialling out social representation did not diminish the correlation between sex and indirect expressive aggression.

    Conclusions:

    • Indirect expressive aggression, characterized by behaviors like bitching and avoidance, is more prevalent in women.
    • This form of aggression may not be perceived as intentional harm, thus differing from traditional aggression constructs.
    • The findings suggest a complex interplay between gender, aggression expression, and social perception.