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Canebrake rattlesnake envenomation

R R Carroll1, E L Hall, C S Kitchens

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
|July 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Canebrake rattlesnake bites cause rhabdomyolysis, a skeletal muscle breakdown. Medical support and antivenom are effective for severe canebrake rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus atricaudatus) envenomation.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Herpetology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Canebrake rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus atricaudatus) envenomation presents unique clinical challenges.
  • Understanding the specific effects of C. h. atricaudatus venom is crucial for effective patient management.

Observation:

  • Retrospective review of 15 consecutive cases of C. h. atricaudatus envenomation.
  • Detailed analysis of clinical presentation, coagulation, serum enzymes, ECG findings, and antivenom treatment.
  • Envenomation severity ranged from mild to severe, with one fatality.

Findings:

  • Rhabdomyolysis, indicated by elevated serum creatinine kinase (CK) levels, is a characteristic finding.
  • Elevated CK levels primarily originate from skeletal muscle, not cardiac muscle, despite CK-MB fraction increases.
  • Clinical course severity correlated with CK levels and antivenom requirements.

Implications:

  • Physicians should recognize elevated CK in C. h. atricaudatus envenomation as indicative of rhabdomyolysis.
  • Prompt medical support and timely antivenom administration are vital for managing moderate to severe cases.
  • Further research into C. h. atricaudatus venom toxins may elucidate mechanisms of rhabdomyolysis.

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