Peptide-based bovine leukemia virus (BLV) vaccine that induces BLV-Env specific Th-1 type immunity

In controlling retrovirus infection and replication, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is considered to be effective. To develop a synthetic peptide vaccine capable of inducing CMI, mannan-coated liposome encapsulating 20-mer synthetic peptide, spanning the 98-117 amino acids of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp51 was constructed and inoculated to BALB/c mice. The liposome induced specific delayed-type hypersensitivity, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and a weak cytotoxic lymphocyte response. The spleen cells from the immunized mice produced a large amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas they released neither IL-4 or IL-10. Mannan-coated liposome containing two kinds of peptides (the 121-140 and 142-161 regions of BLV Env gp51) also induced peptide-specific lymphocyte proliferative response and IFN-g production in C57BL/6 mice. Thus, the synthetic T-cell epitope peptide-liposome system augmented a strong Th-1 type immunity in mice.