Bioelectric potential gradients may initiate cell cycling: ELF and zeta potential gradients may mimic this effect

When a number of experimental studies in bioelectromagnetics were reviewed, those in which weak, exogenous extremely low frequency (ELF) fields were applied in fixed juxtaposition to their target tissues, were found to initiate mitogenesis or mitogenesis-related signals more successfully than when the target tissue moved freely during the irradiation. It is suggested that ELF fields in fixed juxtaposition to their target tissue and implanted foreign bodies or endogenous tissues with a significant zeta potential, mimic bioelectric fields generated at wounds. When the potential is high enough, they assist healing by moving cells into the wound and stimulating quiescent cells at the wound margin to cycle. Electrophoresis may help the initial migration of cells into the wound to form a clot, and migration of fibroblasts and epithelial cells from the wound margin. When exposed for a long time in a fixed juxtaposition to a potential gradient too weak to show in situ microelectrophoresis along the cell membrane surface, surface particles may coalesce to form microclusters, where like-charged surface particles are in close proximity, and growth factor receptor oligomerization and other cycle-initiating reactions are facilitated.