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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
09:46

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Cell signalling and CAM-mediated neurite outgrowth

F S Walsh1, K Meiri, P Doherty

  • 1Department of Experimental Pathology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Society of General Physiologists Series
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Soluble cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) stimulate nerve growth by activating FGF receptors. These molecules may offer new therapies for nerve regeneration by linking cell surfaces to the cytoskeleton.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) like NCAM, N-cadherin, and L1 glycoprotein are crucial for nerve growth.
  • Nerve growth stimulation by CAMs relies on activating second messenger cascades, not just adhesion.
  • Homophilic binding of CAMs activates neuronal FGF receptors, leading to neurite outgrowth via PLC gamma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if soluble CAMs can stimulate neurite outgrowth.
  • To develop soluble CAMs as potential therapeutic agents for nerve regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Created soluble chimeric molecules fusing extracellular domains of NCAM or L1 to human IgG Fc region.
  • Cultured rat and mouse cerebellar granule cells on various substrates.

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Analyses of Actin Dynamics, Clutch Coupling and Traction Force for Growth Cone Advance
07:53

Analyses of Actin Dynamics, Clutch Coupling and Traction Force for Growth Cone Advance

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
09:46

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Neuron-Macrophage Co-cultures to Activate Macrophages Secreting Molecular Factors with Neurite Outgrowth Activity
08:52

Neuron-Macrophage Co-cultures to Activate Macrophages Secreting Molecular Factors with Neurite Outgrowth Activity

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07:53

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  • Utilized dominant-negative FGF receptors to ablate FGF receptor function in neurons.
  • Analyzed phosphorylation of GAP-43 protein in isolated growth cone preparations.

    • Main Results:

    • Soluble CAMs stimulated neurite outgrowth in cultured cerebellar granule cells.
    • This stimulation was mediated by activating the FGF receptor signal transduction cascade.
    • Neurons with ablated FGF receptor function did not respond to soluble CAMs.
    • Soluble CAMs enhanced GAP-43 protein phosphorylation in growth cones.

    Conclusions:

    • Soluble CAMs can effectively stimulate neurite outgrowth.
    • The mechanism involves FGF receptor activation and downstream signaling pathways.
    • Soluble CAMs represent a promising strategy for promoting nerve regeneration and repair.