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Related Experiment Videos

Amylin: history and overview

B Ludvik1, A Kautzky-Willer, R Prager

  • 1Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, University of Vienna, Austria.

Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association
|June 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Amylin, a pancreatic hormone co-secreted with insulin, plays a crucial role in glucose homeostasis. Research indicates amylin influences gastric emptying and hepatic glucose production, impacting Type 2 diabetes development and management.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Amylin, a 37-amino-acid peptide hormone, is co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic beta-cells.
  • Its structure was identified in 1987, following early descriptions of pancreatic amyloid deposits.
  • Amylin's role in glucose metabolism has been a subject of ongoing research.

Observation:

  • Amylin is deficient in Type 1 diabetes and elevated in early Type 2 diabetes, often alongside hyperinsulinaemia.
  • Elevated amylin levels are also observed in impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, and pregnancy-related diabetes.
  • Deficiencies in amylin secretion may precede insulin deficiencies in advanced Type 2 diabetes.

Findings:

  • Early studies suggested amylin inhibits insulin secretion and induces insulin resistance, implicating it in Type 2 diabetes aetiology.

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  • More recent research identifies amylin as a third active pancreatic islet hormone, working with insulin and glucagon.
  • Amylin regulates glucose homeostasis by controlling gastric emptying and inhibiting hepatic glucose production.

    • Implications:

    • Understanding amylin's role offers new insights into the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes.
    • Amylin's influence on gastric emptying and hepatic glucose production presents potential therapeutic targets.
    • Further research into amylin's function could lead to novel strategies for managing glucose metabolism and diabetes.